GeoComputation for Geospatial Big Data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Huayi Wu  Tong Zhang  Jianya Gong 《Transactions in GIS》2014,18(Z1):1-2

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车载3D激光扫描系统集成技术     

王力  李广云  李森  杨凡  李明磊 《现代测绘》2014,(4):14-17

移动激光扫描技术是从上世纪90年代初逐步发展起来的一门测绘技术,也是当今测绘界最为前沿的技术之一,可用于工程测量和制图等诸多领域。地面3D激光扫描仪具有测量速度快,精度高等优点。本文以奥地利RIEGL公司的地面三维激光扫描仪VZ400为例,研究将其作为移动测量系统的主要传感器所涉及的关键技术,包括联机控制、时间基准统一和空间基准统一三个方面:解析了激光扫描仪的接口定义,并结合联机控制的开发库——RiVLIB实现的仪器的联机控与数据通信;给出了基于GPS秒脉冲信号的时间同步原理,实现了系统时间基准的传递与统一;分析了移动测量系统中的坐标系,并根据地面三维激光扫描仪的实际情况,构建了单站的参数标定模型。通过本文的研究与实验,使测量系统实现常见移动测量的二维帧扫描模式以及针对重点区域的三维全景扫描模式,同时,当它闲置时还可将激光扫描仪拆卸进行静态的扫描,丰富了系统的测量方式,提高了系统的适应性与使用效率。  相似文献   

面向等高线与河流冲突处理的多约束移位方法     

李国辉  许文帅  龙毅  周侗  高朝 《测绘学报》2014,43(11):1204-1210

本文针对等高线与河流的不一致性问题,以移位等高线匹配河流为出发点,提出一种对每个特征点动态确定仿射变换模型进行移位的方法。该方法综合考虑移位角度比例、地形特征点相对位置、局部形态的保持和变换等因素,对各特征点实时计算其位移的角度、位置和缩放变化等约束建立其移位模型。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法能够较好地实现等高线到河流的一致性改正,可有效解决等高线与河流数据的空间匹配问题。  相似文献   

红纤维虾形草(Phyllospadix iwatensis)种子形态及内部特征     

韩通  李晶晶  刘正一  刘凯  张金浩  秦松  钟志海 《热带海洋学报》2022,41(6):105-113

海草床可以为海洋动物提供产卵、索饵、繁育等场所。目前, 海草床面积急剧下降, 其中我国关于虾形草属(Phyllospadix)海草的研究相对较少, 对于虾形草主要繁育载体种子的描述、显微观察和萌发过程方面存在较多空白。本研究以红纤维虾形草(Phyllospadix iwatensis)为研究对象, 对其生长环境、种子外部特征、内部结构、萌发过程等进行了定性定量描述。结果表明, 虾形草果实种子对于海洋环境有着外部形态与内部结构的适应性, 外部形态特点包括独特的果序和果实形状, 以及翅状结构和内侧鬃毛, 其中果序呈弯虾形, 平均长度3.4cm, 果实呈马掌形, 直径3~4mm, 内部结构特征包括胚乳占比大、果皮种皮解剖结构复杂等, 具有作为海岸带植被修复工具种的优势。本研究补充了目前对虾形草等海洋沉水植物种子的研究资料, 为虾形草海草种质库保护与海草床修复提供了建议和参考。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地西南缘新月形沙丘移动特征及其影响因素     

邹桐  杨转玲  韦锦芝  廖应英  邢学刚  钱广强  梁晓磊 《中国沙漠》2023,43(1):212-221

柴达木盆地西南缘新月形沙丘连片分布、数量丰富、大小各异、形态多样,是开展沙丘动态演化研究的理想区域。基于2013年和2021年两期高分一号卫星影像和气象资料,分析了柴达木盆地西南缘沙丘区537个新月形沙丘移动、形态和区域风况特征,探讨了沙丘移动的影响因素。结果表明：(1)该区域新月形沙丘移动速率1.43～22.37 m·a^-1,平均移动速率7.23 m·a^-1,沙丘移动方向109.22°～171.28°,平均移动方向142.86°,整体呈NW-SE方向移动。(2)受低风能环境和西北偏西风的影响,该区域新月形沙丘移动速率相对其他沙漠较慢,移动方向与盛行风向基本一致。(3)受沙丘尺度的影响,该区域新月形沙丘越大,移动越慢,呈幂函数递减的关系。(4)该区域新月形沙丘分布密度、植被状况、地形起伏等在一定程度上影响沙丘移动速率。  相似文献   

察尔汗盐湖卤水蒸发速度影响因素的量化研究          下载免费PDF全文

李志伟  付振海  张志宏  李成宝  赵冬梅  马艳芳  张永明  王婧  苏彤  刘国建 《盐湖研究》2022,30(1):57-67

针对当前气象因素(辐照强度、风速、环境温度和相对湿度)与卤水因素(卤水温度和浓度)综合作用于卤水蒸发速度定量研究的数据缺乏等问题,采用室外蒸发装置及信号采集系统相结合的实验方法,开展了察尔汗盐湖卤水自然蒸发实验.借助多元线性回归分析方法对实验数据进行分析,建立了基于多因素共同作用下的卤水蒸发速度模型.实验结果表明,卤水...  相似文献   

Positional accuracy improvement: a comparative study in Shanghai,China     

Xiaohua Tong  Dan Liang  Gusheng Xu  Songlin Zhang 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(7):1147-1171

With the rapid development of geospatial data capture technologies such as the Global Positioning System, more and higher accuracy data are now readily available to upgrade existing spatial datasets having lower accuracy using positional accuracy improvement (PAI) methods. Such methods may not achieve survey-accurate spatial datasets but can contribute to significant improvements in positional accuracy in a cost-effective manner. This article addresses a comparative study on PAI methods with applications to improve the spatial accuracy of the digital cadastral for Shanghai. Four critical issues are investigated: (1) the choice of improvement model in PAI adjustment; five PAI models are presented, namely the translation, scale and translation, similarity, affine, and second-order polynomial models; (2) the choice of estimation method in PAI adjustment; three estimation methods in PAI adjustment are proposed, namely the classical least squares (LS) adjustment, which assumes that only the observation vector contains error, the general least squares (GLS) adjustment, which regards both the ground and map coordinates of control points as observations with errors, and the total least squares (TLS) adjustment, which takes the errors in both the observation vector and the design matrix into account; (3) the impact of the configuration of ground control points (GCPs) on the result of PAI adjustment; 12 scenarios of GCP configurations are tested, including different numbers and distributions of GCPs; and (4) the deformation of geometric shape by the above-mentioned transformation models is presented in terms of area and perimeter.

The empirical experiment results for six test blocks in Shanghai demonstrated the following. (1) The translation model hardly improves the positional accuracy because it accounts only for the shift error within digital datasets. The other four models (i.e., the scale and translation, similarity, affine, and second-order polynomial models) significantly improve the positional accuracy, which is assessed at checkpoints (CKPs) by calculating the difference between the updated coordinates transformed from the map coordinates and the surveyed coordinates. On the basis of the refined Akaike information criterion, the two best optimal transformation models for PAI are determined as the scale and translation and affine transformation models. (2) The weighted sum of square errors obtained using the GLS and TLS methods are much less than those obtained using the classical least squares method. The result indicates that both the GLS and TLS estimation methods can achieve greater reliability and accuracy in PAI adjustment. (3) The configuration of GCPs has a considerable effect on the result of PAI adjustment. Thus, an optimal configuration scheme of GCPs is determined to obtain the highest positional accuracy in the study area. (4) Compared with the deformations of geometric shapes caused by the transformation models, the scale and translation model is found to be the best model for the study area.  相似文献   

A hybrid approach of artificial neural network and multiple regression to forecast typhoon rainfall and groundwater-level change     

Ping-Cheng Hsieh  Wei-An Tong 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(14):1793-1802

ABSTRACT

A forecasting model is developed using a hybrid approach of artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple regression analysis (MRA) to predict the total typhoon rainfall and groundwater-level change in the Zhuoshui River basin. We used information from the raingauge stations in eastern Taiwan and open source typhoon data to build the ANN model for forecasting the total rainfall and the groundwater level during a typhoon event; then we revised the predictive values using MRA. As a result, the average accuracy improved up to 80% when the hybrid model of ANN and MRA was applied, even where insufficient data were available for model training. The outcome of this research can be applied to forecasts of total rainfall and groundwater-level change before a typhoon event reaches the Zhuoshui River basin once the typhoon has made landfall on the east coast of Taiwan.  相似文献   

钢筋混凝土框架结构基于性能和可靠度的抗震优化设计     

郭彤  顾羽 《地震工程与工程振动》2013,33(4):109-118

基于可靠度理论的概率极限状态设计法是结构设计的基本法则之一,而新一代"基于性能的地震工程"要求在性能化设计中尚应考虑随机因素的影响。为获得满足预设性能水准和可靠度指标的最优方案,以钢筋混凝土框架结构为例,根据其在不同性能水准下的位移需求,采用非线性随机有限元方法求解结构的抗震可靠度,并将可靠度指标作为约束条件,以总造价为优化目标,提出了一种基于性能和可靠度的抗震优化设计方法。其中,可靠度计算以OpenSees为平台,并采用基于梯度分析的FORM有限元法。优化分析以MATLAB为平台,通过程序调用,实现了与可靠度分析之间的数据通讯。算例分析表明,模拟退火算法在本问题中较遗传算法具有更高全局搜索能力和计算精度。研究成果可为新一代基于性能和可靠度的优化设计提供参考。  相似文献   

地震活动对大气与海洋环境变化的影响分析——以美国加州与日本3·11地震为例     

伊丕源  黄树桃  赵英俊  张景发  童鹏  张川 《国际地震动态》2013,(11):13-19

通过美国加州林火期间的地震、CO气体监测等数据的统计分析,认为地震对气候干燥、林火的发生以及CO气体浓度变化存在重要影响;对比分析日本3·11地震前后的海洋表面温度变化,认为海底地震的热能释放是导致海水温度升高及海洋热膨胀的重要因素,并进而通过海气交换对大气圈等产生影响;综上分析认为,地震活动伴随有大量的热能及气体释放,并对地球系统的多个方面产生影响,在全球变化中具有重要作用。  相似文献